Rutilated quartz: Rutilated quartz contains needle-like inclusions of rutile.Rose quartz: It is usually transparent with a pink appearance.Rock crystal: It is transparent and colorless.Prasiolite: It is transparent and green. Onyx: It is multi-colored with straight banded chalcedony with a semi-translucent to opaque appearance.Milky quartz: White quartz with a translucent to opaque appearance.Jasper: An opaque variety that is usually red to brown and has an opaque appearance.Herkimer diamond: It is colorless with a transparent appearance.Dumortierite quartz: It contains large amounts of blue dumortierite crystals with a translucent appearance.Citrine: It is usually yellow colored with orange, reddish, brown, and greenish-yellow hues with a transparent appearance.Chalcedony: It occurs in many varieties.Carnelian: It has a translucent appearance with reddish-orange chalcedony.Aventurine: It has aligned inclusions with a translucent to opaque appearance.Ametrine: It is a mix of amethyst & citrine with purple to orange/brown hues with a transparent appearance.Amethyst: It is purple to violet with a transparent appearance.Agate: It is multi-colored and has curved or concentric banded chalcedony with a semi-translucent to translucent appearance.There are 18 varieties of quartz according to this system. Color is a secondary identifier for quartz and other microcrystalline minerals. The scientific classification is based on the microstructure of the mineral. Let’s go through both classification systems. Quartz is usually classified based on its microstructure and color. Hence it can be found in mountains, beaches, rivers, and desert sand. It is also extremely durable against mechanical and chemical weathering. Moreover, it is highly resistant to weathering changes therefore, its occurrence is not limited. It is found in all three types of rocks sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. Quartz is present in substantial amounts all over the world. Diagnostic properties: Glassy and shiny luster, hard, and breaks with a conchoidal fracture.Cleavage: None, usually breaks with a conchoidal fracture.Diaphaneity (ability to transmit light): Transparent to translucent, can be opaque.Color: It occurs in a variety of colors pure quartz is white.Quartz’s physical properties are summarized below. It is a hard, durable, and economically valuable mineral. Quartz is used in so many industries owing to its physical properties. The presence of impurities often makes it colored and alters its properties. Quartz is colorless and transparent in pure form. A substantial volume change accompanies the transformation process it often breaks ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature threshold. α-quartz is converted to β-quartz at the temperature of 573 ☌ (846 K 1,063 ☏). β-quartz is often referred to as high-temperature quartz, and α-quartz is known as low-temperature quartz. Quartz is found in two forms α-quartz & β-quartz. It has high resistance against weather changes and works as a cementing agent in sedimentary rocks. It is found in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The chemical formula of quartz is SiO2, with the atoms linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 (silicon-oxygen tetrahedra) each oxygen is shared between two tetrahedra. It is a hard, crystalline mineral made of silica (silicon dioxide). Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in earth’s crust, after feldspar.
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